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OBJECTIVE: To determine the steady state pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active metabolite, after an oral administration of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) in the renal transplant patients.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mycophenolic acid (MPA) as an anti-proliferative immune-suppressive agent is used in the majority of immunosuppressive regimens in solid organ transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) and area under the curve (AUC) from 0 to 12 hours with limited sampling strategies (LSSs) in Chinese renal transplant recipients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was conducted in 10 Chinese renal transplant patients receiving living donor and treated with EC-MPS, cyclosporine, and corticosteroids. MPA concentrations were measured by enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT). Whole 12-hour PK profiles were obtained on Day 4 after operation. LSSs with jackknife technique, multiple stepwise regression analysis, and Bland-Altman analysis were developed to estimate MPA AUC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean maximum plasma concentration, the mean time for it to reach peak (T(max)), and the mean MPA AUC were (11.38 ± 2.49) mg/L, (4.85 ± 3.32) hours, and (63.19 ± 13.54) mg×h×L(-1), respectively. Among the 10 profiles, MPA AUC of four patients was significantly higher than that of the other six patients, and the corresponding T(max) was significantly longer than that of the other six patients. No patient exhibited a second peak caused by enterohepatic recirculation. The best models were as follows: 27.46 + 0.94C(3) + 3.24C(8) + 2.81C(10) (r(2) = 0.972), which was used to predict AUC of fast metabolizer with a mean prediction error (MPE) of -0.21% and a mean absolute prediction error (MAE) of 2.59%; 36.65 + 3.08C(8) + 5.30C(10) - 4.04C(12) (r(2) = 0.992), which was used to predict AUC of slow metabolizer with a MPE of 0.58% and a MAE of 1.95%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The PKs of EC-MPS had a high variability among Chinese renal transplant recipients. The preliminary PK data indicated the existence of slow and fast metabolizer. These findings may be associated with the enterohepatic recirculation.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adrenal Cortex Hormones , Therapeutic Uses , Cyclosporine , Therapeutic Uses , Kidney Transplantation , Methods , Mycophenolic Acid , Pharmacokinetics , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyses the clinical application of thoracodorsal artery perforator flaps (TAP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used free or pedicled TAP flaps in 7 patients from Aug 2006 to April 2007, The age ranged from 7 to 42 years old, the perforator arteries was detected and labeled with a hand held Doppler flowmeter, the size of flaps ranged from 6 cm x 9 cm - 12 cm x 16 cm, the flaps designed with perforator artery included, all the flaps are based on the first perforator artery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the flaps survived well, no complication occurred with lowest donor site morbidity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The thoracodorsal artery flap with latissimus dorsal muscle saved is a thin and reliable flaps with robust of blood supply, the flap can reduce significantly donor site morbidity and is a good choice for reconstructive surgery.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Back , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Methods , Surgical Flaps , Thoracic Arteries , TransplantationABSTRACT
Objective To determine the content of cholesterol in Gekko Gecko.Methods High performance liquid chromatography was performed on Hypersil ODS2 (4.6 mm?150 mm,5 ?m).The chromatorgraphic conditions were as follows:methanol as mobile phase,flow rate being 1.0 mL/min and detecting wavelength at 208 nm.The column temperature was 40 ℃.Results A good linearity of cholesterol was shown in range of 0.885～14.000 ?g (r=0.999 5),the average recovery was 99.65%,RSD=3.45% (n=6).Conclusions This method is simple,rapid and accurate,and may provide a reliable way for the quantification of cholesterol in Gekko Gecko.
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Objective To study the stability of the Bradford method for determination of soluble protein in animal materials. Method The absorption of CBB G-250 combined with proteins was determined by the UV-Spectrophotometry method with the detection wavelength at 595 nm,and the dried bufo was selected as sample,BSA as control. Results The method showed a good linear relationship between absorption and protein content (r =0.996). The sample was stable with in 10 min (RSD=5.0%). Conclusion This method was reliable,simple and rapid.